PHP $ and $$ Variables

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The $var (single dollar) is a normal variable with the name var that stores any value like string, integer, float, etc.The $$var (double dollar) is a reference variable that stores the value of the $variable inside it.

To understand the difference better, let’s see some examples.

Example 1

<?php  
$x = "abc";  
$$x = 200;  
echo $x."<br/>";  
echo $$x."<br/>";  
echo $abc;  
?>  

Output:

In the above example, we have assigned a value to the variable x as abc. Value of reference variable $$x is assigned as 200.

Now we have printed the values $x, $$x and $abc.

Example2

<?php  
 $x="U.P";  
$$x="Lucknow";  
echo $x. "<br>";  
echo $$x. "<br>";  
echo "Capital of $x is " . $$x;  
?>  

Output:

In the above example, we have assigned a value to the variable x as U.P. Value of reference variable $$x is assigned as Lucknow.

Now we have printed the values $x, $$x and a string.

Example3

<?php  
$name="Cat";  
${$name}="Dog";  
${${$name}}="Monkey";  
echo $name. "<br>";  
echo ${$name}. "<br>";  
echo $Cat. "<br>";  
echo ${${$name}}. "<br>";  
echo $Dog. "<br>";  
?>  

Output:

In the above example, we have assigned a value to the variable name Cat. Value of reference variable ${$name} is assigned as Dog and ${${$name}} as Monkey.

Now we have printed the values as $name, ${$name}, $Cat, ${${$name}} and $Dog.

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